Maritime transport, the linchpin of global trade, faces a historic challenge: to reduce its carbon emissions by at least 50% by 2050, according to targets set by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). Although the goal seems clear, the path is fraught with economic, technological and political obstacles.

This sector accounts for 3% of global greenhouse gas emissions, making it critical to combating climate change. However, the current landscape reveals that sustainable fuels, such as green hydrogen and ammonia, are still far from being viable solutions on a large scale due to their high costs and lack of infrastructure.

Currently, the price of these fuels is up to five times higher than that of fossil fuels, which makes them inaccessible to many shipping companies, especially small and medium-sized ones. In addition, developing the infrastructure necessary for mass adoption will require billions of dollars in investments.

Despite the barriers, major shipping companies are exploring alternatives. Technologies such as the use of software to optimize routes, electric engines combined with green fuels and modern sails are beginning to change the rules of the game. However, these advances are not yet enough to transform the industry as a whole.

The key to accelerating the transition will be collaboration between governments, international organizations and the private sector. Financial support policies and clear regulations could be the impetus for small shipping lines to adapt and remain competitive.